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Apa itu Spanning-Tree dan Portfast? Dan bagaimana efeknya pada jaringan komputer?
Jawab
Spanning-Tree (STP) dibuat untuk mengatasi problem yang muncul pada transparent bridging dalam networks yang redundant. Tujuan dari STP adalah untuk menghindari dan menghilangkan adanya loops dalam network dengan cara setiap switch membentuk path bebas looping menuju root bridge. Hal ini dapat dilakukan dengan cara mendeteksi dimana terdapat loops dalam network kemudian melakukan blocking pada link yang redundant.
Protokol Spanning-Tree mengeksekusi algoritma yang disebut Spanning-Tree Algorithm (STA). Untuk dapat menemukan letak redundant link dalam network, STA menentukan sebuah titik acuan yang disebut Root Bridge, kemudian menentukan semua jalur yang available menuju titik acu tersebut. Jika ditemukan beberapa jalur yang redundant, maka STA akan memilih satu jalur terbaik dan jalur-jalur yang lain akan di blok. Dengan demikian link-link redundant dalam network sudah terputus (blok).
Semua switch dalam network STP mengumpulkan informasi-informasi dari switch-switch yang lain dengan cara saling bertukar pesan melalui network. Pesan ini disebut sebagai Bridge Protocol Data Units (BPDUs). Pertukaran BPDU ini menghasilkan pemilihan Root Bridge sebagai titik acuan dalam network,, pemilihan designated switch pada setiap segment, dan juga penghilangan loop-loop yang ada dengan cara memblok port-port yang tidak diperlukan (port yang berada dalam status backup).
Pada saat eksekusi Spanning-Tree Algorithm, Spanning-Tree akan meletakkan port-port switch pada beberapa keadaan (state) :
Blocked : semua port berawal dari mode ini untuk mencegah terjadinya loop.
Listen : port akan bertransisi dari mode blocked ke listen. Waktu transisi ini akan digunakan untuk mendeteksi apakah ada jalur lain menuju Root Bridge. State ini mengindikasikan bahwa port melakukan persiapan untuk dapat melakukan transmisi data tapi menunggu sejenak untuk memastikan tidak terjadi loop dalam network.
Learn : dalam state ini, switch mulai menambahkan informasi-informasi yang didapatkan kedalam table MAC. Meskit begitu, port belum boleh melakukan transmisi data.
Forward : pada state ini, port switch sudah siap mengirim dan menerima data.
Disabled : port-port switch ada dalam state ini jika mengalami hardware failure, penghapusan VLAN, atau di disable secara manual oleh admin.
Waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk melakukan transmisi dari satu status ke status yang lain seperti berikut :
Dari blocking ke listening : 20 detik (max age timer).
Dari listening ke learning : 15 detik (forward delay timer).
Dari learning ke forwarding : 15 detik (forward delay timer).
Protokol Spanning-Tree berjalan by default pada semua port switch. Protokol ini membuat setiap port harus menunggu kurang lebih 50 detik sebelum dapat mulai mengirim dan menerima data. Waktu tunggu ini dapat menimbulkan beberapa problem pada beberapa aplikasi/protokol. Hal ini dapat diatasi dengan mengimplementasikan Portfast pada cisco, istilah Portfast bisa berbeda pada vendor yang lain.
Portfast menyebabkan port pada switch langsung memasuki status forwarding tanpa harus melewati status listening maupun learning. Dengan portfast, waktu tunggu bagi server ataupun komputer untuk online jadi berkurang drastis, sehingga mencegah masalah-masalah yang ada pada protokol/aplikasi seperti DHCP, DNS, Novell IPX, PXE, BootWorks, dan lain-lain.
Protokol Spanning-Tree akan selalu berjalan meskipun port sudah berada pada status forwarding, hal ini agar port tersebut tetap dapat mendeteksi jika terjadi loop dalam jaringan. Akan tetapi, konfigurasi Portfast seharusnya hanya diimplementasikan pada port-port switch yang terhubung ke end-device seperti komputer ataupun server, tidak pada port yang terhubung ke hub/switch lain.
Tolong Laporkan Jika Ada Link Yang Error Atau Gambar Tidak Muncul :) dan mohon untuk mengklik iklan banner untuk kelangsungan blog :)" Sekalian juga untuk biaya sekolah admin nya. :) terimakasih :) EmoticonEmoticon
Tolong Laporkan Jika Ada Link Yang Error Atau Gambar Tidak Muncul :)
dan mohon untuk mengklik iklan banner untuk kelangsungan blog :)"
Sekalian juga untuk biaya sekolah admin nya. :) terimakasih :)
EmoticonEmoticon