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Update
This site disclaimer was last updated on: Saturday, January 2nd, 2016 · Should we update, amend or make any changes to this document, those changes will be prominently posted here.
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Variation
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Assignment
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Severability
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ITU-R (International Telecommunications Union – Radiocommunication Sector) bertanggung jawab untuk manajemen global penggunaan spektrum radio frekuensi dan orbit satellit.
Federal Communications Commission (FCC)
Badan yang mengatur pemakaian spektrum RF di US. Wireless network dapat menggunakan spektrum RF yang berlisensi maupun tidak berlisensi untuk proses komunikasi. Keuntungan menggunakan spektrum RF tak berlisensi adalah tidak ada biaya pemakaian bagi end user.
IEEE memanfaatkan 2 dari 3 RF bands tak berlisensi yang diijinkan oleh FCC :
2.4 GHz ISM (industrial, scientific, and medical) band.
5 GHz UNII (Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure) band
European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI)
Organisasi eropa yang bertanggung jawab membuat standar-standar teknologi informasi dan komunikasi, termasuk teknologi mobile, radio, dan Internet. Di eropa, radio frekuensi diatur oleh CEPT.
IEEE dan standar-standar Wireless LAN
IEEE adalah organisasi non-profit yang bertanggung jawab untuk membuat standar-standar berbagai macam teknologi, termasuk teknologi informasi. IEEE sudah merilis rangkaian standar-standar yang berkenaan dengan Wireless LAN networking.
802.11
Dirilis pada tahun 1997, berikut adalah beberapa detail :
Data rate 1 dan 2 Mbps.
Beroperasi di 2.4 GHz ISM band
Spread Spectrum :
FHSS (Frequency-Hopping spread spectrum), termasuk obsolete.
DSSS (Direct-Sequence spread spectrum)
Infrared (IR)
802.11b
Merupakan perkembangan dari 802.11 yang dirilis pada tahun 1999.
Keuntungan menggunakan 5 GHz band adalah sedikitnya interference yang ada sehingga dapat meningkatkan performa dan reliability.
802.11g
Perkembangan dari 802.11 ini dirilis pada tahun 2003 dan beroperasi pada 2.4 GHz ISM band, seperti halnya 802.11 dan 802.11b.
Data rates :
1 dan 2 Mbps (compatible dengan DSSS)
5.5 dan 11 Mbps (compatible dengan HR/DSSS)
6, 9, 12 Mbps OFDM (required)
18, 24, 36, 48, dan 54 Mbps OFDM (supported)
Beroperasi di 2.4 GHz ISM band
Spread spectrum :
DSSS
HR/DSSS
ERP-OFDM
802.11g backward compatible dengan 802.11/802.11b karena sama-sama beroperasi di 2.4 GHz ISM band dan mendukung metode akses yang sama.
802.11n
Dirilis pada tahun 2009 dan beroperasi di 2.4 GHz dan 5 GHz, sehingga standar ini backward compatibledengan 802.11a maupun 802.11b/g. Karena fleksibilitas dan data rate yang lebih tinggi inilah, kebanyakan deployment baru berdasarkan pada 802.11n
Data rates 54 – 600 Mbps
Beroperasi di :
2.4 GHz ISM band
5 GHz UNII bands
MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output)
HT-OFDM
Sertifikasi Interoperabilitas
Seringkali vendor-vendor mengimplementasikan perangkat-perangkat wireless dan network secaraproprietary (menggunakan rule/protokol pribadi). Hal ini dapat menyebabkan masalah interoperabilitas produk mereka dengan produk vendor lain.
Untuk itulah dibutuhkan sertifikasi interoperabilitas vendor agar perangkat satu vendor dapat berkomunikasi dengan perangkat vendor yang lain.
Wi-Fi Alliance
IEEE bertanggung jawab untuk menghasilkan standar-standar wireless networking. Akan tetapi, vendor-vendor perangkat jaringan tidak perlu membuktikan bahwa produk mereka memenuhi standar tersebut.
Wi-Fi Alliance dibentuk untuk menyediakan testing interoperabilitas perangkat-perangkat wireless dari berbagai macam vendor. Istilah Wi-Fi adalah istilah sertifikasi namun sering disalah artikan dalam dunia industri. Wi-Fi adalah merek dagang terdaftar yang awalnya didaftarkan oleh WECA pada tahun 1999 dan sekarang terdaftar untuk Wi-Fi Alliance.
Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA)
Sertifikasi WPA diciptakan karena adanya fakta bahwa keamanan dalam standar original 802.11 lemah dan memiliki banyak lubang keamanan. Sertifikasi ini di desain sebagai solusi sementara sebelum dirilisnya standar 802.11 yang mengatasi masalah-masalah keamanan, yakni 802.11i (2004).
Fitur-fitur WPA :
TKIP (Temporal Key Integrity Protocol
Passphrase
802.1X/EAP.
Wi-Fi Protected Access 2 (WPA 2.0)
WPA 2.0 merupakan sertifikasi setelah dirilisnya 802.11i. Sertifikasi ini backward compatible dengan WPA dan dilengkapi dengan solusi-solusi keamanan yang lebih advance.
Wi-Fi Multimedia (WMM)
Sertifikasi dari Wi-Fi Alliance berbasis standar IEEE 802.11e yang menyediakan fitur QoS (Quality of Service). QoS diperlukan untuk menjamin berlangsungnya komunikasi-komunikasi real time seperti voice dan video.
Wi-Fi Multimedia Power Save (WMM-PS)
WMM-PS di desain untuk perangkat-perangkat mobile dan aplikasi-aplikasi spesifik yang membutuhkan mekanisme power-save advance untuk menghemat baterei, seperti :
VoIP phones
Laptop
PDA
Headset
Mouse dan Keyboards
Mekanisme power-save ini memungkinkan perangkat untuk menghemat baterei dengan cara “tidur sejenak” dalam waktu yang singkat. Fitur ini jika diaktifkan akan menurunkan performa beberapa tingkat.
Wi-Fi Protected Setup (WPS)
WPS diciptakan dengan adanya fakta bahwa user/konsumen small office home office menginginkan metode sederhana untuk mendapatkan fitur keamanan yang terbaik bagi instalasi mereka tanpa harus memiliki pengetahuan yang mendalam tentang jaringan wireless.
Sertifikasi WPS membutuhkan 2 tipe autentikasi untuk memungkinkan user mendapatkan konfigurasi otomatis :
Push-button configuration (PBC)
PIN-based configuration, berdasarkan nomor ID personal.
Support konfigurasi PIN dan PBC dibutuhkan untuk Access Point (AP) sedangkan perangkat klien minimum harus support PIN.
Tolong Laporkan Jika Ada Link Yang Error Atau Gambar Tidak Muncul :) dan mohon untuk mengklik iklan banner untuk kelangsungan blog :)" Sekalian juga untuk biaya sekolah admin nya. :) terimakasih :) EmoticonEmoticon
Tolong Laporkan Jika Ada Link Yang Error Atau Gambar Tidak Muncul :)
dan mohon untuk mengklik iklan banner untuk kelangsungan blog :)"
Sekalian juga untuk biaya sekolah admin nya. :) terimakasih :)
EmoticonEmoticon