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Switch merupakan perangkat network yang bekerja pada layer 2 OSI layer, fungsi dan peran utama switch sangat berkaitan dengan semua hal yang tertuang dalam layer 2. Fungsi dan peran switch pada layer 2 adalah sebagai berikut;
1. Address Learning Switch layer 2 memiliki kemampuan address learning. Fungsi Address learning merupakan prinsip dan cara kerja dari switch. Penjelasan tentang address learning adalah seperti berikut:
a. Host A dengan mac address 0000.8c01.000A, mengirimkan data berupa frame ( kenapa frame? karena switch merupakan peralatan layer 2, di mana pada layer 2 informasi data yang dikirim berupa frame. Pada layer 3 data tersebut berupa packet. ) yang berisikan Mac address pengirim: 0000.8c01.000A dan mac address tujuan 0000.8c01.000B.
b. Ketika pertama kali sampai ke switch, mac address table pada switch dalam keadaan kosong.
c. Setelah menerima data frame tersebut Switch lalu mengecek sumber atau alamat hardware atau mac address si pengirim dan menyimpannya di mac address table. Switch mencatat di dalam mac address table bahwa pada port Eth1 terkoneksi dengan host A yang memiliki mac address 0000.8c01.000A.
d. Switch kemudian mengecek alamat mac address tujuan, karena alamat tujuan tidak terdapat pada mac address table maka switch lalu meneruskan ke semua port kecuali port asal frame tersebut, yaitu port eth 1.
e. Ketika host B menerima frame dan memastikan bahwa frame itu ditujukan untuknya maka host B lalu mengkonfirmasikan atau membalas kembali kiriman kepada host A.
f. Ketika host B mengirimkan kembali kepada host A melalui switch, switch sudah memiliki data tentang host.
g. Pada frame yang dikirim oleh host B kepada host A terdapat mac address asal adalah mac address host B; 0000.8c01.000B dan mac address tujuan adalah mac address host A ; 0000.8c01.000A.
h. Switch lalu mencatatkan mac address asal ke dalam mac address table, di mana tercatat oleh switch bahwa port Eth 2 terkoneksi dengan host B dengan mac address 0000.8c01.000B.
i. Switch kemudian mengecek bahwa alamat tujuan dari frame adalah 0000.8c01.000A, dengan membandingkan pada mac address table diketahui bahwa alamat tujuan adalah port eth 1.
j. Switch tidak perlu meneruskan ke semua port tapi cukup ke port Eth 1 saja.
k. Inilah maksud dari address learning di mana setiap frame yang masuk atau melewati port switch dicek mac address si pengirim untuk dicatat pada mac address table sesuai dengan port di mana host tersebut terkoneksi. Ingat yang tercatat pada mac address table adalah mac address dari pengirim atau asal frame. Hal ini berlaku juga pada semua port yang ada pada switch.
2. Kemampuan meneruskan / menyaring data frame( Forward / filter) Ketika frame dikirim dari salah satu host yang terkoneksi ke salah satu port switch maka switch kemudian mengecek pada database dari mac addres atau mac address table, yang dicek adalah pada port berapa alamat tujuan tersebut terdapat?
Misalnya jika alamat layer 2 atau mac address tujuan tercatat di port nomor 2 maka switch hanya meneruskan ke port nomor dua saja. Namun jika tidak terdapat pada mac address filter maka switch akan mengirimkan atau meneruskan ke semua port kecuali port asal frame tersebut. Kemampuan meneruskan frame ke tujuan tanpa harus dibroadcast ke semua port adalah kelebihan switch dibandingkan hub. Kalau pada hub, jika menerima data maka semua host yang terkoneksi pasti akan menerima dan memproses frame meskipun tidak ditujukan pada host tersebut.
Kemampuan untuk menyaring dan meneruskan data secara selektif membuat switch sangat efektif, bandwidth lebih terjamin karena jalur data pada tiap-tiap port hanya dipakai oleh data yang benar-benar ditujukan ke port tersebut, hal tersebut juga menyebabkan tabrakan antar data, kecil kemungkinannya untuk terjadi. 3. Mencegah terjadinya Loop Looping terjadi pada koneksi antara dua buah switch atau pada satu switch di mana data yang akan dikirim hanya berputar pada koneksi antar switch atau antara port-port dalam sebuah switch. Terlihat seperti gambar di atas, terjadinya looping lebih disebabkan oleh kesalahan dalam mengkoneksikan kabel-kabel pada port switch.
Akibat dari adanya looping adalah data yang dikirim hanya berputar-putar saja pada arena tertentu sampai batas waktu pengiriman yang ditentukan untuk mengirimkan data tersebut habis dan data tersebut didrop atau dibuang begitu saja tanpa bisa mencapai tujuan.
Kondisi looping bisa dicegah oleh switch dengan cara mematikan salah satu port yang terkoneksi misalnya pada gambar agar tidak terjadi looping switch 1 menonaktifkan atau memblok data yang lewat pada port Eth2 sehingga data hanya lewat porth Eth 4.
Pada switch 2 dilakukan dengan cara menonaktifkan atau memblok data yang lewat pada port Eth1 sehingga tidak ada aliran data yang hanya memutari switch tanpa bisa mencapai tujuan.
Demikian penjelasan tentang tiga fungsi switch, fungsi address learning merupakan prinsip kerja dari sebuah switch. Fungsi ini mesti dipelajari dengan sungguh-sungguh. Looping adalah masalah yang paling sering terjadi pada jaringan LAN dengan menggunakan switch, pastikan fitur untuk mencegah looping diaktifkan pada switch anda.
Tolong Laporkan Jika Ada Link Yang Error Atau Gambar Tidak Muncul :) dan mohon untuk mengklik iklan banner untuk kelangsungan blog :)" Sekalian juga untuk biaya sekolah admin nya. :) terimakasih :) EmoticonEmoticon
Tolong Laporkan Jika Ada Link Yang Error Atau Gambar Tidak Muncul :)
dan mohon untuk mengklik iklan banner untuk kelangsungan blog :)"
Sekalian juga untuk biaya sekolah admin nya. :) terimakasih :)
EmoticonEmoticon