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Hotspot system, terkenal dengan fitur "plug n play" akses nya, sederhana dan mudah dalam melakukan konfigurasi, apalagi di Mikrotik sudah disediakan wizard-nya. Terdiri dari berbagai service yang diaktifkan sehingga tanpa setting tambahan pun Hotspot sudah dapat berjalan. Akan tetapi tentu admin jaringan harus tetap menjaga agar jaringan tetap aman namun tidak mengesampingkan kenyaman user dalam mengakses jaringan.
Fitur apa saja yang bisa diterapkan pada Hotspot Mikrotik, sebelumnya sudah dibahas pada artikel Fitur-Fitur Hotspot Mikrotik . Kali ini, akan diberikan contoh dalam melakukan manajemen user hotspot, misalnya memberikan kebijakan yang berbeda untuk setiap user.
Contoh kasus, Pada sebuah jaringan kampus, akan dibangun sebuah jaringan Hotspot. Rencananya akan dibuat 3 hotspot username, dimana masing-masing akan diberikan kebijakan yang berbeda.
username=Dosen -> Limitasi bandwidth share dengan Mahasiswa limit-at 512kbps dan max-limit 1Mbps
username=Mahasiswa -> Limitasi bandwidth share dengan Dosen dengan maksimal 512kbps . Tidak diijinkan melakukan akses ke Router
User Profile
Untuk memberikan kebiijakan pada username yang telah kita buat, bisa kita tentukan dengan User Profile. Dengan kebutuhan kebijakan yang berbeda, maka pada contoh kasus ini kita akan membuat satu user profile untuk masing-masing username.
Terdapat parameter-parameter yang bisa digunakan untuk menentukan kebijakan untuk Hotspot Client pada User Profile. Untuk beberapa kondisi , kebijakan tidak bisa langsung diatur pada User Profile, tetapi harus dikombinasikan dengan Fitur yang lain.
Limitasi Bandwidth
Limitasi Bandwidth per user bisa dilakukan langsung pada User Profile dengan mendefinisikan parameter Rate-Limit. Limitasi ini akan diberikan untuk masing-masing User. Misalnya, jika kita tentukan rate-limit=512k/512k berarti untuk masing-masing Hotspot Client yang menggunakan User Profile tersebut akan di-limit sebesar 512kbps.
Akan tetapi pada contoh kasus ini, akan diterapkan limitasi bandwidth share. Bandwidth 512k merupakan limitasi total untuk semua Hotspot Client yang Login menggunakan username yang sama. Untuk itu kita tidak bisa menentukan langsung pada user Profile tetapi harus dikombinasikan dengan fitur Mangle, dan kemudian dibuatkan queue berdasar penandaan packet dari mangle tersebut.
Pada User Profile terdapat parameter yang bisa digunakan untuk menentukan Packet-Mark Mangle yang secara otomatis akan digenerate pada saat Hotspot Client Login.
Filtering/Blocking
Sesuai rencana awal, username=Mahasiswa hanya diperbolehkan untuk aktifitas ke internet saja, Sedangkan untuk akses ke router akan diblock. Kebijakan ini tidak bisa langsung diatur pada User Profile, tetapi harus dikombinasikan dengan Firewall Filter.
Dalam pembuatan Firewall Filter sebenarnya kita bisa langsung menggunakan src-addrress=IP Hotspot Client secara manual, tetapi konfigurasi ini terdapat kemungkinan tidak sesuai harapan ketika IP yang sudah didefinisikan, terpasang / diberikan ke Client yang lain oleh Hotspot System.
Maka untuk kasus ini, digunakan parameter Incoming-Filter pada User-Profile barulah kemudian dikombinasikan dengan Firewall Filter.
Pengaturan User-Profile=Dosen
Penentuan Nama Profile
Shared-Users digunakan untuk menentukan berapa banyak user yang bisa Login dengan username yang sama dalam waktu bersamaan.
Address-List : Pada saat Hotspot Client sudah Login , IP akan di masukkan pada address-list dengan nama yang sudah ditentukan
Incoming-Filter : Nama Chain Firewall Filter baru untuk traffic yang masuk dari Client. Dibuat secara otomatis ketika Hotspot Client Login. Dibutuhkan action Jump dari built-in chain ke chain=hotspot
Incoming-Packet-Mark : Nama/penandaan packet yang masuk dari Client. Berfungsi sama dengan Mangle Mark-Packet dengan src-address IP Hotspot Client.
Outgoing-Packet-Mark : Nama/penandaan packet yang keluar ke Client. Berfungsi sama dengan Mangle Mark-Packet dengan dst-address IP Hotspot Client.
Pengaturan Hotspot User-Profile=Mahasiswa
Penentuan Nama Profile dan Shared-User
Penentuan User-Profile Mahasiswa menggunakan parameter yang sama dengan Dosen.
Bandwidth Manajemen
Pada contoh kasus ini, akan digunakan Queue Tree dengan penandaan Packet-Mark yang dibuat otomatis oleh Hotspot-User Profile.
Penandaan Paket yang dilakukan oleh User-Profile tidak berada pada built-in chain yang ada pada Mangle, melainkan pada chain=hotspot yang dibuat otomatis. Oleh karena itu agar metode ini bekerja perlu dibuat Mangle dengan action=jump dari Built-In ke chain=hotspot.
Setelah ada Hotspot Client yang Login maka otomatis akan terdapat rule mangle mark-packet baru yang ditambahkan otomatis oleh User-Profile yang sudah kita buat sebelumnya
Dari Mangle tersebut kita bisa membuat limitasi menggunakan Queue-Tree. Konsep yang akan diterapkan adalah Bandwidth Share. Baik antar Client dengan username yang sama atau kelompok Client dengan username yang berbeda. Konsep ini akan kita set dengan model Staged Limitation.
Tentukan Parent Total Bandwidth Langkah pertama, lakukan konfigurasi untuk menentukan total bandwidth yang ada pada jaringan kita. Contoh disini menggunakan Bandwidth maksimal 1Mbps.
Selanjutnya tentukan limitasi untuk Dosen dan Mahasiswa sebagai child dari Parent Total Bandwidth yang dibuat sebelumnya.
Dosen memiliki garansi bandwidth 512k dengan up-to:1Mbps, maka bisa dilakukan konfigurasi seperti berikut
Pada contoh tersebut menggunakan PCQ untuk queue type nya, digunakan untuk membagi bandwidth per user yang menggunakan username=Dosen
Pengaturan yang sama juga harus dilakukan untuk username=Mahasiswa, hanya berbeda limit-at dan max-limit nya. Mahasiswa dibuat maksimal 512k untuk semua client dengan username=Mahasiswa
Hasil akhirnya seperti berikut
Filtering
Dari konsep awal, Mahasiswa tidak diijinkan untuk akses ke Router, baik ping,winbox,ssh,dsb. Sebelumnya sudah kita tentukan pada User-Profile Mahasiswa, bahwa ketika Client Login, maka akan dibuat chain baru dengan nama Mahasiswa-in.
Chain ini bukan pada chain utama, sehingga perlu dibuat jump ke chain hotspot dari Built-In chain. Baru setelah itu kita gunakan Chain=Mahasiswa-in untuk melakukan blocking traffic dari Client ke arah Router
Dengan kombinasi konfigurasi seperti contoh tersebut kita akan lebih mudah dan fleksible dalam melakukan manajemen jaringan Hotspot.
Tolong Laporkan Jika Ada Link Yang Error Atau Gambar Tidak Muncul :) dan mohon untuk mengklik iklan banner untuk kelangsungan blog :)" Sekalian juga untuk biaya sekolah admin nya. :) terimakasih :) EmoticonEmoticon
Tolong Laporkan Jika Ada Link Yang Error Atau Gambar Tidak Muncul :)
dan mohon untuk mengklik iklan banner untuk kelangsungan blog :)"
Sekalian juga untuk biaya sekolah admin nya. :) terimakasih :)
EmoticonEmoticon